Interactive emergency information and identification systems and authentication methods

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented method for interactive emergency information and identification is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a processor, a notification concerning an emergency situation, wherein the notification includes a location of the emergency situation, and defining, by the processor, a geo-fence representing a first physical area surrounding the location of the emergency situation. The method further includes receiving, by the processor, location information representing locations of a plurality of user devices, each user device being associated with an individual, and determining, by the processor, which of the user devices are located within the geo-fence based on the location information. Additionally, the method includes transmitting, by the processor, information about the emergency situation to the user devices located within the geo-fence.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/204,084, filed Mar. 11, 2014, now allowed, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/060,280,filed Oct. 22, 2013, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,247,408, the entiredisclosures of each which is incorporated herein by express referencethereto.

FIELD

This application relates generally to data processing and, morespecifically, to systems and methods for interactive emergencyinformation and identification.

BACKGROUND

During a catastrophic event, people rely on televisions, radios, andother media-consumption devices for up-to-the-minute information aboutall aspects of the event. Such information may include locations ofevents, people involved, responding agencies, and victims. Currently,with existing systems, there is no “immediate” flow of information aboutthe event from people in the vicinity of the event to people in aposition to provide help (e.g., police, firemen, etc.). Timely responsein an emergency situation, however, can depend on accurate andup-to-date information about the emergency situation itself, affectedpersons, and their state. Prompt acquisition and exchange of such datacan be essential in such situations. Current audiovisual surveillancesystems in the area of an emergency situation may provide informationabout the identify of affected persons, but the gathering and analysisof such information may be a time-consuming process. Additionally, thedeployment of such surveillance systems may be costly and, generally, isnegatively perceived by the public. Historically, during emergencies,state, local, and federal agencies use systems based on radiocommunications, such as mobile data terminals (MDTs) in emergencyresponse vehicles. They also rely on after-the-fact witness accounts andcalls to a 9-1-1 operations center to provide “approximate data” aboutan event that just occurred.

Moreover, conventional systems cannot provide personalized informationand guidelines to individuals affected by an emergency situation, orrequest and receive information related to the emergency situation fromthe individuals, particularly on a real-time or near-real-time basis.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

Provided are systems and methods for interactive emergency informationand identification. For example, the present disclosure encompasses afirst embodiment related to a computer-implemented method forinteractive emergency information and identification. The methodincludes receiving, by a processor, a notification concerning anemergency situation, wherein the notification includes a location of theemergency situation, and defining, by the processor, a geo-fencerepresenting a first physical area surrounding the location of theemergency situation. The method also includes receiving, by theprocessor, location information representing locations of a plurality ofuser devices, each user device being associated with an individual, anddetermining, by the processor, which of the user devices are locatedwithin the geo-fence based on the location information. Further, themethod includes transmitting, by the processor, information about theemergency situation to the user devices located within the geo-fence.

In one embodiment, the method further includes receiving, by theprocessor, feedback from at least one of the user devices located withinthe geo-fence, the feedback being generated in a user interface providedon the user devices. Such feedback may include a request for help and/ora statement that no help is required. Further, the feedback may includetextual information related to the emergency situation, audioinformation related to the emergency situation, and/or video informationrelated to the emergency situation. In another embodiment, wherein thegeo-fence includes a plurality of proximity zones representing physicalareas of different distances from the location of the emergencysituation, and the method further includes determining in whichproximity zone each user device located within the geo-fence isrespectively located. In yet another embodiment, the method includestransmitting emergency instructions associated with the emergencysituation to the user devices located within the geo-fence.

As another example, the present disclosure encompasses a secondembodiment related to a computer-implemented method for interactiveemergency information and identification. The method includesestablishing, by a processor, a virtual beacon in association with alandmark, and receiving, by the processor, location informationrepresenting locations of a plurality of user devices, each user devicebeing associated with an individual associated with the landmark. Themethod further includes determining, by the processor, which of the userdevices are located within a subscription distance from the virtualbeacon based on the location information, subscribing the individualsassociated with user devices within the subscription distance to anemergency notification list, and unsubscribing from the emergencynotification list the individuals associated with user devices outsideof the subscription distance. Further, after establishing the virtualbeacon, the method includes receiving, by a processor, a notificationconcerning an emergency situation, wherein the notification includes alocation of the emergency situation, and transmitting, by the processor,information about the emergency situation to the user devices associatedwith individuals subscribed to the emergency notification list.

In one embodiment, the method further includes defining, by theprocessor, a geo-fence representing a physical area surrounding thelocation of the emergency situation, determining, by the processor,which of the user devices are located within the geo-fence based on thelocation information, and transmitting, by the processor, furtherinformation about the emergency situation to the user devices locatedwithin the geo-fence. In one embodiment, the number of user deviceslocated within the geo-fence is less than the number of user deviceslocated within the subscription distance from the virtual beacon. In afurther embodiment, transmitting information about the emergencysituation includes transmitting emergency instructions to the userdevices.

As yet another example, the present disclosure encompasses a thirdembodiment related to a computer-implemented method for interactiveemergency information and identification. The method includesdisplaying, with a user interface executing on a user device associatedwith an individual, information about an emergency situation received bythe user device, and prompting, with the user interface, the individualto provide a current safety status of the individual. The method alsoincludes receiving, via an input to the user interface, the currentsafety status of the individual, the received safety status beingsubsequently transmitted to a transmitted to an emergency informationand identification system. Further, the method includes prompting, withthe user interface, the individual to provide emergency situation data,and receiving, via an input to the user interface, emergency situationdata, the received emergency situation data being subsequentlytransmitted to the emergency information and identification system.

In one embodiment, prompting the individual to provide a current safetystatus includes displaying a first control element that the individualmay activate if help is needed and a second control element that theindividual may activate if no help is needed. In another embodiment,prompting the individual to provide emergency situation data includesdisplaying at least one of a first control element that the individualmay activate to provide textual information related to the emergencysituation, a second control element that the individual may activate toprovide audio information related to the emergency situation, and athird control element that the individual may activate to provide videoinformation related to the emergency situation. In a further embodiment,displaying information about an emergency situation includes displayinga graphical map showing a location of the emergency situation relativeto a position of the user device. In yet another embodiment, displayinginformation about an emergency situation includes altering theappearance of the user interface based on the proximity of the emergencysituation to the user device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in thefigures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicatesimilar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an environment within which interactive emergencyinformation and identification systems and methods can be implemented,in accordance to some embodiments.

FIG. 1A illustrates another environment within which interactiveemergency information and identification systems and methods can beimplemented, in accordance with other embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing various modules of the interactiveemergency information and identification system, in accordance withcertain embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an interactive emergency informationand identification method, in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a screenshot of an emergency situation, in accordanceto some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a screenshot of defining a geo-fence of an emergencysituation, in accordance to some embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates the screenshot of FIG. 5 but as displayed on amobile device of a first responder.

FIG. 6 illustrates a screenshot of an emergency situation notification,in accordance to some embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a screenshot of providing emergency situation data,in accordance to some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a screenshot of providing emergency actioninstructions to the individual affected by the emergency situation, inaccordance to some embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates a screenshot of providing individual safetyinformation, in accordance to some embodiments.

FIG. 9A illustrates the screenshot of FIG. 9 but as displayed on amobile device of a first responder.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example screen of an administrative userinterface provided by the interactive emergency information andidentification system.

FIG. 11 illustrates an environment with systems for geographicallylocating individuals who dial an emergency number on a mobile device,according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for geographically locating an individualwho dialed an emergency number on a mobile device, according to oneembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 shows a diagrammatic representation of a computing device for amachine in the exemplary electronic form of a computer system, withinwhich a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any oneor more of the methodologies discussed herein can be executed.

FIG. 14. illustrates another example screen of the administrative userinterface of the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified flow chart of a method for virtualbeacon-based emergency notification of individuals, according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Interactive emergency information and identification systems and methodsare described herein. In case of an emergency situation, such as ashooting, a terrorist attack, and so forth, identities and locations ofindividuals in proximity to the location of the emergency situation maybe determined using the location services of user devices carried by theindividuals (e.g., smart phones, tablet computers, etc.). Theindividuals within a certain distance from the location of the emergencysituation may be informed about the emergency situation and requested toprovide real-time feedback about the situation, such as their safetystatus and situational information as they perceive it. The feedback maybe provided by civilian level users and/or state or local entitiesincluding first-responders such as police or fire officials, orparamedics. Civilian level users or individuals may provide informationconcerning their condition, safety, and/or whatever information they mayhave concerning the emergency situation. Audio, video, and/or text datamay be received from the individuals via their devices. For example, aphoto of an active shooter or a video of a terrorist attack may bereceived. The received feedback may be forwarded to law enforcement orother appropriate agencies.

Additionally, data from various sources, such as local Emergency PlanActions or specific plans, e.g., those of the building management wherethe event occurred, may be retrieved and remotely provided to affectedindividuals. For example, emergency instructions relative to theemergency situation may be extracted from the data and provided toaffected individuals via a user interface of their devices. For example,emergency instructions may be provided in a graphical form as directionson a map displayed on the user device. At the same time, the currentposition of the individual may be displayed on the map.

In some embodiments, the interactive emergency information andidentification system may be used to request assistance in an emergencysituation. Thus, a user may send an emergency notification and/oradditional data related to the emergency via the user device. The user'sgeographical position may be determined, and local emergency agenciesmay be informed about the emergency situation affecting the user.Depending on the nature of the emergency, notification may additionallybe provided concurrently to state emergency agencies or authorities,federal emergency agencies or authorities (e.g., FEMA, the FBI, militarypolice, etc.), or both. Additionally, emergency instructions may beretrieved based on the geographical position of the user, typicallyrelative to the emergency, and provided to the user such as via agraphical interface of the user device. The system and methods can usean audio interface, e.g., for users who cannot see well enough tootherwise use the graphical interface, however, caution must be used insuch arrangements since sound might attract the cause of an emergency.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an environment 100within which the interactive emergency information and identificationsystems and methods can be implemented. The environment 100 may includea network 110, an individual 120 (typically a civilian), a user device130 associated with the individual 120, a security company 140, aninteractive emergency information and identification system 200 operatedby the security company, local and federal emergency and law enforcementagencies 160 (e.g., rescue services, police departments, fire emergencyservices, the FBI, Homeland Security, etc.), a first-responder userdevice 162, a responder 170, and a work station 180. The network 110 mayinclude the Internet or any other network capable of communicating databetween devices. Suitable networks may include or interface with any oneor more of, for instance, a local intranet, a PAN (Personal AreaNetwork), a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), a MAN(Metropolitan Area Network), a virtual private network (VPN), a storagearea network (SAN), a frame relay connection, an Advanced IntelligentNetwork (AIN) connection, a synchronous optical network (SONET)connection, a digital T1, T3, E1 or E3 line, Digital Data Service (DDS)connection, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) connection, an Ethernetconnection, an ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) line, adial-up port such as a V.90, V.34 or V.34bis analog modem connection, acable modem, an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) connection, or an FDDI(Fiber Distributed Data Interface) or CDDI (Copper Distributed DataInterface) connection. Furthermore, communications may also includelinks to any of a variety of wireless networks, including WAP (WirelessApplication Protocol), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), GSM (GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)or TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), cellular phone networks, GPS,CDPD (cellular digital packet data), RIM (Research in Motion, Limited)duplex paging network, Bluetooth radio, or an IEEE 802.11-based radiofrequency network. The network 110 can further include or interface withany one or more of an RS-232 serial connection, an IEEE-1394 (Firewire)connection, a Fiber Channel connection, an IrDA (infrared) port, a SCSI(Small Computer Systems Interface) connection, a USB (Universal SerialBus) connection or other wired or wireless, digital or analog interfaceor connection, mesh or Digi® networking. The network 110 may be anetwork of data processing nodes that are interconnected for the purposeof data communication.

The user device 130 is a network-enabled computing device used by theindividual 120 and may be a mobile telephone, a desktop computer, alaptop, netbook, a smart phone, a tablet computer (e.g., an iPad®,Galaxy® or Kindle®), or other computing device that is capable ofsending and receiving data over a network. For example the user device130 may include any number of communication transceivers such as acellular radio, a WiFi radio, a Bluetooth radio, and any othertransceiver capable of communicating with the network 110. The userdevice 130 further includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) fordisplaying a user interface associated with the interactive emergencyinformation and identification system 200. In some embodiments, the userinterface is part of an application (or “app”) that is provided by thesystem 200 and downloaded and installed on the user device 130,typically in advance of an emergency event. For example, if theindividuals 120 are students associated with a university, the studentsmay download an app to their smart phone and/or tablet as part ofenrollment or orientation. Such an app may communicate with theinteractive emergency information and identification system 200 usingany of the communication transceivers in the user device. For example,the app may receive and transmit emergency information via a cellulardata connection and/or a WiFi data connection. In this manner, ifcellular towers are overly congested during an emergency situation, theapp on the user device can switch to another communication means, suchas WiFi, to transmit and receive data. Alternatively, the app cantransmit using multiple concurrent communication means, such as cellularand WiFi, although battery life of the device must be considered whendoing so.

The user device 130 may also include hardware and/or software configuredto determine a geographical location of the user device. For example theuser device may determine its present location using a GPS receiver, theWiFi radio, the cellular radio, the Bluetooth radio, and/or any othertransceiver configured to determine the current physical location of theuser device, or any combination thereof.

The individual 120 may be a bearer or user of the user device 130 whomay interact with the interactive emergency information andidentification system 200 and/or the responder 170 via a GUI. Theresponder 170 may communicate with the interactive emergency informationand identification system 200 via the work station 180 or otherwise.

The first responder user device 162 is similar to the user device 130,but is used by individuals within emergency and law enforcementagencies. The first responder user device 162 also includes a userinterface to facilitate communication with the emergency information andidentification system 200, but such user interface may displayadditional information pertinent to responding to an emergencysituation, as will be discussed below. The user interface on the firstresponder user device 162 may be part of an application (or “app”) thatis downloaded and installed. Alternatively, the user interface may beweb-based and viewable through a standard web browser.

The interactive emergency information and identification system 200 maybe operated by a security company 140 that is hired by an entity with aplurality of individuals (such as a university, city, corporation,building management, etc.) to provide information exchange and emergencyresponse services during emergency situations involving the individualsassociated with the entity. In general, the interactive emergencyinformation and identification system 200 tracks the locations andsafety status of individuals during emergency situations and coordinatesthe flow of information between individuals and first responders. Inthat regard, the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200 may communicate with one or more local, state, and federalemergency and law enforcement agencies 160 (e.g., rescue or paramedicservices, police departments, fire emergency services, the FBI, HomelandSecurity, etc.) during an emergency situation. The interactive emergencyinformation and identification system 200 may receive one or morenotifications associated with emergency situations, emergency actionplans, and other data from the emergency and law enforcement agencies160. Additionally, the interactive emergency information andidentification system 200 may transmit information about one or moreindividuals in proximity to the location of the emergency situation aswell as audio, video, and/or text data received from the individual 120to the emergency and law enforcement agencies 160.

FIG. 1A illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure with anenvironment 102 within which interactive emergency information andidentification systems and methods can be implemented. The environment102 is similar to the environment 100 shown in FIG. 1, but theinteractive emergency information and identification system 200 ishosted “in the cloud” on virtual hardware provided by an Infrastructureas a Service (IaaS) provider 202. Specifically, the interactiveemergency information and identification system 200 is designed,implemented, and controlled by the security company but executes as ahosted service accessed through the Internet. In one embodiment, theinteractive emergency information and identification system 200 may beaccessed via a secure web-based application. For example, the responder170 and operators associated with the law enforcement agencies 160 mayconnect to the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200 via a web browser and log-in to perform administrative tasks.In such an embodiment, any device with a web browser may connect to andinteract with the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200. Additionally, applications (“apps”) installed on userdevices 130 and first responder user devices 162 may natively connect tothe interactive emergency information and identification system 200without the use of a browser.

Connections to the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200 may be secured with encryption protocols (e.g., SecureSockets Layer (SSL), HTTPS, etc.) and access may be restricted toauthorized users with an authentication and/or authorization layer(e.g., log-in credentials, electronic keys, etc.). Further, all datastored on devices and in databases in the environment 102 may beencrypted to protect sensitive location and profile informationassociated with individuals. For example, location and profile datastored by the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200 may be encrypted by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) orother encryption protocol.

Hosting the interactive emergency information and identification system200 on virtual hardware provided by the IaaS provider 202 allows thesecurity company 140 to scale up and scale down the capabilities of thesystem depending on the amount of devices accessing the system. Forexample, if notification of a major emergency is received, additionalvirtual instances of the interactive emergency information andidentification system 200 may be initiated by the IaaS provider 202 on atemporary basis to handle a larger than normal number of connections tothe system and a larger volume of data being transferred between users.FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing various modules of the interactiveemergency information and identification system 200, in accordance withcertain embodiments. The system 200 may comprise a processor 210 and adatabase 220. The processor 210 may include a programmable processor,such as a microcontroller, central processing unit (CPU), and so forth.In other embodiments, the processor 210 may include anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or programmable logicarray (PLA), such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), designed toimplement the functions performed by the system 200. Thus, the processor210 may receive a notification concerning an emergency situation. Thenotification may include a location of the emergency situation and maybe received from an emergency or law enforcement agency, one or moreusers of the system 200, and so forth. In one embodiment, userinterfaces on the user device 130 and first responder device 162 mayprovide a button or other control element through which an individualmay submit a report of an emergency situation. Such a report mayautomatically include the location of user device and any descriptioninput by the individual.

Based on the information received about the emergency situation, theprocessor 210 may define a geo-fence (or geo-net) representing aphysical area surrounding the location of the emergency situation. Inone embodiment, the geo-fence may be a physical area defined by a circlehaving a specific radius extending from the location of the emergencysituation. The radius may be manually defined by a user, an operator ofthe system 200, and/or an emergency or law enforcement agency.Additionally, the radius may be automatically determined based oncharacteristics (e.g., type, severity, etc.) of the emergency situation.In other embodiments, the geo-fence may be defined by other shapesdepending on the nature of the emergency situation. For example, thegeo-fence may be defined by another geometric shape, or it may bedefined by the shape of a physical landmark such as a university campus,a city block, or a specific building. Additionally, the geo-fence mayinclude one or more proximity zones that represent physical areas ofdifferent distances from the location of the emergency situation. In thecase of a circular geo-fence, the proximity zones may be defined byconcentric circles of varying radii extending from the location of theemergency. Further, the system 200 may dynamically alter the size and/orshape of the geo-fence during an emergency situation based on incominginformation from first responders, law enforcement agencies, individualswith user devices, news outlets, etc.

The processor 210 may receive location information describing thelocations of the user devices 130. The location information may bereceived based on the defined geo-fence. Since the user devices areassociated with individuals, the processor 210 may determine a positionof an individual within the geo-fence based on the location information.The position may include a proximity zone associated with the positionof the individual.

The processor 210 may inform individuals within and outside of thegeo-fence about the emergency situation via a user interface of the userdevice. Additionally, the user interface may provide individuals withthe ability to upload feedback related to the emergency situation to thesystem 200. The feedback may be received by the processor 210 and mayinclude a request for help, a statement that no help is required, anassessment of the emergency situation, audio information, videoinformation, text information associated with the emergency situation,and so forth. In one embodiment, the system 200 may dynamically alterthe size and/or shape of the geo-fence based on the feedback receivedfrom the user devices. For instance, an individual may report that ashooter has moved to a second location. The system 200 may then move thecenter point of the geo-fence to the second location. In someembodiments, two or a larger pre-defined number of reports of such achange might be required to help ensure the geo-fence is not movedprematurely or erroneously. And, such movement of the geo-fence maytrigger the transmission of a new round of emergency informationmessages to individuals now within the newly-located geo-fence. Suchmovement of the center point of the geo-fence may be performedautomatically by the system 200 based on incoming information or it maybe performed manually by an administrator with appropriate access to thesystem (based on login credentials, etc.).

The database 220 stores a list of individuals that may need to bealerted in the case of an emergency. For example, if the environment 100includes a university campus, such a list may include students,professors, staff, administrators, and anyone else who needs to bealerted if there is an emergency situation on or near the universitycampus. Each individual in the database 220 is associated with at leastone user device 130 that is used to track their location and provideemergency information. Further, identifying information (picture,description, contact information, etc.) and third-party emergencycontact information may be associated with each individual in thedatabase. Notifications about the emergency situation, locations ofemergency situations, individuals located in proximity to the emergencysituation, and feedback received from individuals 120 via user devices130 may be stored in the database 220. The data in the database 220 maybe accessible by an operator of the system 200, one or more firstresponders, representatives of emergency or law enforcement agencies,and so forth.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an interactive emergency informationand identification method 300, in accordance with some exampleembodiments. The method 300 may be performed by logic that may comprisehardware (e.g., dedicated logic, programmable logic, and microcode),software (such as software run on a general-purpose computer system or adedicated machine), or a combination of both. In one example embodiment,the processing logic resides at the interactive emergency informationand identification system 200, and the various elements of the system200 can perform the method 300. It will be appreciated by one ofordinary skill that examples of the foregoing modules may be virtual,and instructions said to be executed by a module may, in fact, beretrieved and executed by software. Although various elements may beconfigured to perform some or all of the various operations describedherein, fewer or more elements may be provided and still fall within thescope of various embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 3, the method 300 may commence at operation 310 withreceiving a notification concerning an emergency situation. Theemergency situation may include a terrorist attack, a shooting event, abombing event, an earthquake, a flood, a fire, a hurricane, tornado, anaccident, collapsing building, and other natural or man-made disasters.The notification may include a location of the emergency situationand/or its description, classification, type, action plan, and so forth.The location may be described with GPS coordinates, a street address, astreet intersection, a landmark, or other information identifying aphysical location.

In some embodiments, the emergency notification may originate from oneor more sensors positioned in areas of interest. For example, a seismicsensor placed near a fault line may detect seismic activity and transmita message to the system 200. As another example, a tsunami sensorpositioned off shore may detect when water levels are lower or higherthan a predetermined threshold for a specific amount of time, or both,and transmit a notification to the system 200. The system 200 would inturn transmit emergency notifications to user devices in coastal areas.

At operation 320, a geo-fence for the emergency situation may bedefined, as discussed above. The geo-fence may be defined automatically(at least initially) based on the description, classification, and/ortype of the emergency situation. Alternatively, the geo-fence may bemanually defined or adjusted by an operator of the interactive emergencyinformation and identification system or by an individual whose userdevice interacts with the interactive emergency response system. In someembodiments, the geo-fence may include two or more proximity zones.Zones may be differentiated based on proximity to the location of theemergency situation.

At operation 330, location information associated with the locations ofuser devices may be received. The user devices may include mobilephones, smart phones, tablet computers, laptops, netbooks, and so forth,as described herein. The user devices may be carried by individuals suchthat the location of user devices may indicate, or at least be used asan indication of, the individuals' locations. In some embodiments, whenthe system 200 is notified of an emergency situation, the systemrequests that the user devices report their current location. In otherembodiments, the user devices periodically transmit their currentlocation to the system 200 whenever they are powered on, althoughtypically less frequently than during an emergency situation. Thelocation information may be determined via multilateration of radiosignals between radio towers, triangulation of GPS signals, WiFipositioning, Bluetooth sensor signals, or any combination thereof.

Additionally, the location information received from the user devicesmay include information allowing first responders to determine anindividual's vertical position in a building or other structure. Forinstance, received GPS information may include altitude as well aslatitude and longitude. Further, a transceiver in the user device, suchas a Bluetooth Low Energy transceiver, may detect a user's proximity tovarious sensors (or beacons) within a building and report such proximityinformation to the system 200. For instance, a building may includeproximity sensor on each floor, enabling a user device to report onwhich floor it is located. As such, first responders in an emergencysituation would not have to spend time searching multiple floors for avictim with a specific longitude and latitude.

Location information received from the user devices is compared with theboundaries of the geo-fence to determine which of the user devices arelocated within the geo-fence. The user devices may be carried by or beadjacent to individuals and the locations of user devices may indicatethe respective individuals' locations. Based on the location informationand the geo-fence, positions of individuals (via their user devices)within the geo-fence may be determined at operation 340. In that regard,if it is determined that a user device is located within a geo-fence, insome embodiments, it is further determined in which proximity zonewithin the geo-fence the user device is located. The specific proximityzone associated with a user device may indicate the threat level to theindividual carrying the device.

At operation 350, the individuals within the geo-fence may be informedabout the emergency situation via a user interface of the user deviceassociated with the individual. Specifically, the system 200 transmitsthe emergency information to the user devices within the geo-fence, forexample, as a push message. In this context, a push message is a messagethat is received by a user device without the user device requesting it.Such push notifications may be transmitted to user devices automaticallyor manually in different embodiments. For instance, in one embodiment,when the system 200 receives information about an emergency, the systemmay process the information and automatically send a push message toaffected users. In other embodiments, an administrator of the system 200may be alerted to the incoming emergency information at an administratoruser interface and manually cause the system to transmit push messagesto selected or pre-selected user devices. The user interface from whichthe administrator sends the messages may be a web interface on acomputer console located at an emergency response center or the userinterface may be executing on a first responder device 162 in the field.In that regard, user of the system with administrator rights (forexample, as determined by login credentials) may send out emergencynotifications directly from an app running on a smart phone, tabletcomputer, laptop, or other mobile device.

Once the push messages have been transmitted, tan affected individualmay be informed of the emergency by a message displayed on a screen ofthe user device. In some embodiments, individuals outside of thegeo-fence will also be warned of the emergency situation, but themessage received and displayed on their user devices may bedifferent—for example, it may be less specific or lack any emergencyinstructions. Those individuals proximate to but outside may get moreinformation than those not proximate to the geo-fence, such asinformation to help avoid re-entering the geo-fence during the remainderof the emergency situation. This is discussed in more detail inassociation with FIGS. 14-15. As mentioned above, in some embodiments,the user device includes an application (or “app”) associated with theinteractive emergency information and identification system 200 thatreceives, transmits, displays emergency information and collectslocation information on the user device. In some embodiments, such anapp may automatically start when the user device is turned on andperpetually run in the background. As such, when an emergency message isreceived from the system 200, the app is available to display themessage regardless of the user's current device activity.

In some embodiments, the content of the emergency message and displayformat of the message on the device screen may depend on the proximityzone associated with the individual (i.e., the threat level to theindividual). For example, a user in a proximity zone immediatelyadjacent the location of the emergency may receive a detailed messagedescribing the situation and also instructions to immediately takecover. A user in a proximity zone further away from the location of theemergency may receive a more general message without instructions, orwith instructions only on which direction to move to avoid theemergency. Such customization of messages based on proximity maydecrease panic among individuals outside of harm's way.

Additionally, the user interface color and font scheme may change basedon the proximity zone associated with the individual. In one embodiment,if an individual is located in a proximity zone immediately adjacent thelocation of the emergency situation, the user interface may display boldfont over a red background to indicate a high threat level. A yellowbackground may be presented to a user in a more distant proximity zone.As an individual moves between proximity zones, the user interface colorscheme may change to indicate a change in threat level. Further, the appmay cause the user device to emit a warning sound corresponding with thedisplay of the message (even if the device is set to a “silent” mode).

Additionally, the content of the push message displayed on a user devicemay depend on the type of individual associated with the user device.For instance, a policeman with a first responder user device 162 mayreceive additional detail about a shooter that would not be transmittedto a civilian. An authorization step requiring login credentials may beused to differentiate between individuals (e.g., individual civilians,civilian building management, police, fire, etc.) accessing the app on auser device.

In operation 360, a functionality to give feedback may be provided tothe individual via the user interface, and the feedback may be receivedat the system 200 at operation 370. Thus, information on the state ofthe individual may be requested. In such a way, the interactiveemergency information and identification system may receive informationon a number and state of individuals who are affected by the emergencysituation. Moreover, audio, video, text, and other data related to theemergency situation may be received from the individual. For example,the data may include a photo of a shooter in a shooting event,information on suspicious activity noticed by the individual, and soforth.

At optional operation 380, the data related to the feedback of theindividual and location information may be distributed to correspondingagencies, and/or individual users. The volume and details of the dataprovided to different parties may depend on agreements and settings withthe parties. Additionally, the distribution of individuals' feedback tofirst responders may be prioritized based on the proximity zone of theindividual providing the feedback. For instance, feedback from anindividual close to an emergency event may be transmitted to lawenforcement agencies first, followed by feedback from individuals inmore distance proximity zones. In this manner, first responders canreceive and give priority to the most pertinent information.

The data, also transmitted to corresponding agencies, may be used bythem to facilitate emergency situation management and relief.

In some embodiments, emergency instructions associated with theemergency situation may be provided to the individual via the userinterface (for example, as a text or as graphical instructions). Theemergency instructions may be based on an emergency action planassociated with the emergency situation, instructions provided bycorresponding agencies, and so forth. Additionally, the instructions mayvary depending on the proximity zone associated with the position of theindividual. For example, an individual within 10 meters of a shooter mayreceive instructions to take cover, while an individual within 50-100meters of the shooter may receive instructions to move away from theshooter.

The current position of the individual may be continuously monitored andactions of the individual may be coordinated, such as by the systemitself, or by an authorized administrator. For example, the individualmay be informed that he is approaching a fire or moving away from arescue team or informed about recommended moving directions, or that itis safe to use a particular exit route because the emergency is over orhas shifted location. In some embodiments, if a large number ofindividuals are within a geo-fence surrounding an emergency situation,the system 200 may automatically transmit warning messages to theindividuals' user devices based on their positions relative to thelocation of the emergency situation.

In some embodiments, a user of the interactive emergency information andidentification system may send an assistance request. The system mayreceive the request and provide assistance to the user. The assistancemay include informational assistance, transmitting the assistancerequest to an emergency agency, first aid service, and so forth.

FIGS. 4-10 show example user interface screens illustrating aspects ofthe emergency situation information and identification system 200. FIG.4 illustrates an example screen 400 of an emergency situation from anadministrator's point of view, in some embodiments. The administratormay be an operator 410 associated with the security company 140 or theadministrator may be associated with the emergency and law enforcementagencies 160. The example screen 400 is one aspect of an administrativeuser interface that gives administrators information and control of theinteractive emergency information and identification system 200. Theadministrative user interface may be accessed via a web-browser ordedicated application on any computing device with a network connectionto the system 200.

The example screen 400 contains a map 402 displaying the geographicallocation of an emergency situation 404. As described in association withoperation 310 in FIG. 3, a notification about the emergency situationmay be received by the interactive emergency information andidentification system 200 from a corresponding emergency, government, orlaw enforcement agency, a user of the system 200, or another source. Thenotification may include data on a location 404 of the emergencysituation. The location 404 of an emergency situation is extracted bythe system 200 and defined on the map 402 which may be displayed to anoperator 410 via the administrative user interface.

FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an example screen 500 of theadministrative user interface, as viewed by an operator 410. In theillustrated embodiment, the screen 500 contains a graphical map 402showing a geo-fence 502 that is defined by a circle with a specificradius extending from the location of the emergency situation 404. Thatis, the center of the geo-fence 502 is typically the location 404 of theemergency situation. The center can also be set based on predictedmovement of the location 404 of the emergency situation, for example, ifa shooter or terrorist is in a vehicle moving down a road. In someembodiments, several proximity zones may be defined within the geo-fence502. For example, a proximity zone A (enclosed by a circle 504) may be aphysical area with a radius of 50 meters. A proximity zone B may be, forexample, a physical area between 50 and 100 meters from the location 404(between the circles 504 and 502).

Location information received from user devices associated withindividuals known to the system 200 may be processed to determine whichof the user devices are within the geo-fence 502. In the example of FIG.5, the user devices with positions 506 are inside the geo-fence 502.Additionally, the user devices with positions 508 are outside, but inproximity to the geo-fence 502. In one embodiment, a filter can beapplied to screen out devices that are no longer active, such as devicesthat have not moved or been activated by a user during the emergency.Screen 500 illustrates the positions 506 and 508 defined on the map 402in relation to the location 404 of the emergency situation. Each of thepositions 506 may be associated with a proximity zone within thegeo-fence 502.

The screen 500 may be displayed to the operator 410 to visualizepositions and movements of the individuals in relation to the locationof emergency situation 404 in real time. Each of the positions 506, 508may be accompanied by brief information associated with the individual.The information may be updated in real time and may include name, age,state, phone number, a photograph of the individual, and other datarelated to the individual that may have been provided before, or during,the emergency.

In some embodiments, the operator 410 may connect and communicate withone or more specific individuals or small groups believed to beproximate to or distant from the emergency to obtain more informationvia the administrator's user interface. Such communication may occur viaphone, voice-over-IP (VoIP), SMS/MMS text messages, Internet-based textmessages, and so forth. The connection may be automated using theadministrative user interface. Typically, a silent method is preferredso that no sound need be made on or near an individual's device that isnear the emergency location 404. Thus, the operator 410 may call orotherwise contact one of the individuals without having to dial phonenumbers, the operator 410 may simply activate an interface controlelement, and the system 200 will perform the connection automatically.

FIG. 5A illustrates the same example screen 500 of the administrativeuser interface, however, in the embodiment of FIG. 5A, the screen 500 isdisplayed on a tablet computer 520 or other mobile device belonging to afirst responder or other law enforcement official. As described above,the administrative user interface, including map 402, may be accessed ona tablet computer or other mobile device via a web browser or adedicated application (or app). As such, a first responder may havereal-time access to emergency situational information in the field.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example screen 600 of an emergency situationnotification shown on the display screen of an individual's user device130. In one embodiment, the example screen 600 may be part of a userinterface rendered by an application (or “app”) associated with theinteractive emergency information and identification system 200. Thenotification may be shown on the display of the user device 130 afterbeing received as a as a push message from the system 200. In someembodiments, the screen 600 will interrupt any other activity beingperformed on the user device so as to immediately notify the individualof the emergency situation. The notification includes a location 604 ofan emergency situation relative to a position of the individual 606. Thelocation 604 and the position 606 may be shown on a map. As describedabove, in some embodiments, the display format of the message may dependon the proximity zone associated with the individual (e.g., red themefor high threat level, yellow theme for medium threat level, green themefor low threat level).

Additionally, a functionally to give feedback may be provided to theindividual. Thus, the individual may send a request for help byactivating an “I need help” button 608, or may define his state assatisfactory by activating an “I'm OK” button 610. The activation button608 may involve certain swiping or other gestures to help minimizeaccidental input under emergency conditions, or may be set as simply aspossible and erroneous input screened out. In one embodiment, when anindividual activates the “I'm OK” button 610 the system 200automatically sends a message (via SMS, email, etc.) to the emergencycontacts associated with the individual in the database 220. As such,family and friends of individuals affected by an emergency will quicklyknow whether their loved ones are safe, thus reducing the amount oftelecommunication congestion during an emergency. If an individualinstead activates the “I need help” button 608, first responders orother law enforcement are alerted to the individual's location andsafety status. In some embodiments, the user device 130 may capture userfeedback in additional manners, such as in respond to voice commands.For example, an individual may be able to simply speak the phrase “Ineed help” without having to select a button in the user interface. Insome embodiments, when an individual activates the “I need help” button608 the system 200 automatically sends a message (via SMS, email, etc.)to the emergency contacts associated with the individual in the database220.

Furthermore, the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200 may provide a functionality allowing the individual to senddata associated with the emergency situation to the system. In thatregard, FIG. 7 illustrates an example screen 700 for providing emergencysituation feedback, in accordance to some embodiments. The screen 700may include at least “Send Photo/Video” 702, “Send Audio” 704, and “SendMessage” 706 control elements. The data sent using the control elements702-706 may be transmitted to the interactive emergency information andidentification system 200 and then forwarded to appropriate agencies.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example screen 800 for providing emergency actioninstructions to an individual affected by the emergency situation, inaccordance with some embodiments. The instructions may be provided via auser interface of user device 130 associated with the individual. Inthat regard, the example screen 800 may be rendered by an application(or “app”) that receives emergency instruction data from the interactiveemergency information and identification system 200. In someembodiments, the instructions may be graphical directions 806 shown inrelation to a location 802 of the emergency situation and a position 804of the individual. As discussed above, the instructions transmitted toan individual may vary based on the individual's distance from thelocation of the emergency situation. The emergency instructions may alsoinclude text, audio, or video messages, or any other form ofcommunication.

Received feedback related to the safety status of individuals (e.g. “I'mok,” “I need help,” etc.) may be collected and analyzed by the system200. Based on the analysis, consolidated data representing the real-timesafety status of each individual may be generated. The consolidated datamay be provided to an operator via the administrative user interface.

In that regard, an example screen 900 displaying reported safetystatuses of the individuals in real time is illustrated by FIG. 9. Theexample screen may be one aspect of the administrative user interfaceprovided by the system 200. A safe list 902 may be shown to an operator902. The safe list 902 may graphically differentiate users of the system200 (or individuals) with different safety statuses. For example, usersin danger 904 may be highlighted by color, font size, special symbols,and so forth. Users safe 906 and users whose status is Unknown 908 maybe indicated by other symbols, colors, and so forth. In this manner,operators of the system 200 can quickly determine who is in danger andalert law enforcement agencies. In some embodiments, first respondersand law enforcement may have direct access to the safe list 902 on theirmobile devices.

In that regard, FIG. 9A illustrates the same example screen 900 of theadministrative user interface, however, in the embodiment of FIG. 9A,the screen 900 is displayed on a mobile device 910 belonging to a firstresponder or other law enforcement official. As described above, theadministrative user interface, including screen 900, may be accessed ona smart phone, tablet computer, or other mobile device via a web browseror a dedicated application. As such, a first responder may havereal-time access to emergency situational information in the field.Civilian users of the system 200 would not have access to the same levelof information as administrators. For instance, a policeman with a firstresponder user device 162 may receive additional detail about a shooterthat would not be transmitted to a civilian. An authorization steprequiring login credentials may be used to differentiate betweenindividuals accessing the app on a user device.

FIG. 10 illustrates another example screen 950 of the administrativeuser interface provided by the interactive emergency information andidentification system 200, according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The example screen 950 combines elements of the screensdiscussed in FIGS. 4, 5, and 9 into a single administrative dashboardthat provides efficient information dissemination. In that regard, theadministrative dashboard includes a map element 952, an incident statuselement 954, a safe list element 956, and an incident upload element958. The administrative dashboard may be directly accessed by anauthorized administrative user on a desktop computer, smart phone,tablet computer, or other mobile device via a web browser or a dedicatedapplication.

The map element 952 is similar to the map 402 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 inthat it graphically displays the geographical location 960 of anemergency situation and the locations 962 of one or more individuals inthe database 220 of the system 200. The icons representing individualson the map element 952 may be color-coded to depict the safety status ofthe respective individuals. In one embodiment, an operator of theadministrative dashboard may select (with a mouse, finger, etc.) one ofthe individuals displayed on the map to bring up an information window964 that includes details about the selected individual. For instance,the information window 964 may include name, picture, ID number,address, telephone number, email address, safety status, and otherpertinent information. Additionally, the information window 964 mayprovide the operator with a way of directly contacting the individual,for instance, by selecting the telephone number or email address.Further, the map element 952 includes a group selector 966 that allowsan operator to change the types of individuals displayed on the map. Inthe illustrated embodiment, “all users” is selected so that thelocations of every user in the database 220 are displayed on the map.However, selecting a different group using the group selector 966 mayallow the operator to view the locations of fewer than all users. Forinstance, the operator may choose to only view the locations ofindividuals based on their proximity to the emergency situation (e.g.,50 meters, 200 meters, 500 meters, 1 kilometer, etc.), their reportedsafety status (e.g., “I'm OK”, “I need help,” unknown, etc.), theirtitle (e.g., student, professor, staff, etc.), their last known location(e.g., in case their mobile device was turned off or is inoperable), andother characteristics that may differentiate between individuals andotherwise help first-responders address the emergency.

The incident status element 954 includes a status input 970 that allowsan operator to input a real-time update regarding the status of theemergency situation. The update may be pushed down to individuals forimmediate display on their user devices 130 and to law enforcement viathe first responder user devices 162. As updates are input during anemergency situation, the updates create a timeline 972 of events withtime stamps. The timeline may be additionally utilized forafter-the-fact incident reporting and investigation.

The safe list element 956 displays the real-time safety status ofindividuals as received from the individuals' user devices 130. Asmentioned above in association with FIG. 9, the statuses of theindividuals' may be color-coded or differentiated in some way so that anoperator may focus on the individuals still in danger as events unfold.

The incident upload element 958 displays the information describing theemergency situation received from individuals. As mentioned above inassociation with FIG. 7, individuals may upload information about anemergency situation to the system 200 in the form of text, audio, andphoto/video. In the illustrated embodiment, the incident upload element958 displays each individual 974 who has uploaded and the items ofcontent 976 they have uploaded. Each item of uploaded content 976 isassociated with a time stamp to better coordinate response efforts andincident reporting. In some embodiments, the operator may selectspecific items of uploaded content 976 for transmission to specificfirst responders, or may choose to send highly pertinent items (e.g., aphoto of a shooter) to all first responders and law enforcement.Alternatively, as described above, a first responder may access theitems of uploaded content 976 directly via the administrative dashboardon a mobile device through a web browser or native application.

FIG. 11 illustrates an environment 980 with systems for geographicallylocating individuals who dial an emergency number on a mobile device,according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The environment980 is similar to the environment 102 shown in FIG. 1A, in that itincludes the interactive emergency information and identification system200 to which user devices 130 and emergency and law enforcement agencies160 connect to share information and coordinate a response during anemergency situation. The environment 980 further includes an emergencydispatcher 982 at a public safety answering point (“PSAP”) who receivesemergency (911) calls from individuals 120. The emergency dispatcher 982utilizes a workstation 983 to access location and other informationabout the individual 120 making the call. In that regard, the dispatcher982 may connect to the administrative user interface of the interactiveemergency information and identification system 200 via the Internet orother network 110. As will be described in association with the methodof FIG. 12, the system 200 may provide the dispatcher 982 with theindividual's location much more quickly than traditional emergency calllocating methods (e.g., Enhanced 911 services, etc.). The dispatcher 982may contact and dispatch emergency agencies 160 to the individual ifwarranted by the situation.

Referring now to FIG. 12, illustrated is a method 984 for geographicallylocating an individual who dialed an emergency number on a mobiledevice, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Themethod 984 begins at block 986 where the individual 120 dials anemergency number (e.g., 911) on his or her mobile device 130. At block988, the individual is connected to the emergency dispatcher 982 at aPSAP who inquires about the individual's purpose of calling. As shown inblock 990, an application (or “app”) associated with the system 200 onthe mobile device 130 detects that the individual dialed the emergencynumber. As mentioned above, such an app starts when the mobile device ispowered on and constantly monitors outgoing calls made on the device todetermine if a known emergency number is called. In that regard, the appis configured to detect calls made via a standard cellular voice lineand/or calls made over a voice over IP (VoIP) line via a mobile datanetwork connection (e.g., cellular data network, WiFi, etc.). Next, atblock 992, the app on the mobile device queries the device for itsgeographical location. As discussed above, any number of hardware and/orsoftware components within the mobile device may detect the location ofthe device. In one embodiment, the location is detected by a GPStransceiver. Further, if one or more of the location detectingcomponents in the mobile device are disabled at the time of theemergency call, the app may enable all or some of them when a 911 callis made. The app then transmits the geographical location of the mobiledevice to the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem 200 via the network 110, where it is stored in association withthe individual.

Then, at block 994, the emergency dispatcher 982 logs into theadministrative user interface of the system 200 via the workstation 983.In one embodiment, the system automatically matches the telephone numberof the incoming call to a telephone number associated with theindividual that is stored in the system. Upon a match, theadministrative user interface displays all known information about theindividual, including the individual's current geographical locationjust received from the individual's mobile device. In one embodiment,the user's location will be displayed on a graphical map. In thismanner, the dispatcher has knowledge of the individual's currentlocation in a matter of seconds and does not need to rely on theindividual to relay an accurate location. Further, in some embodiments,a dispatcher may have the option to immediately notify the individual'semergency contacts stored in the system 200 of the fact that theindividual has dialed the emergency number. Such notification may occurautomatically or the dispatcher may ask the individual whether he or shewould like the notification to happen.

Next, in block 996, the emergency dispatcher 982 dispatches emergencyand/or law enforcement to or adjacent the geographical location of theindividual, as reported by the individual's mobile device. Notably, theapp on the mobile device will periodically query the current location ofthe user device during the pendency of the emergency call between theindividual and the dispatcher and transmit the updated location to thesystem 200 for display to the dispatcher, as shown in block 998. In oneembodiment, the mobile device will continue to transmit its location tothe system 200 after the emergency call has ended until the dispatcherreceives notice that the first responders have reached the individual.In this manner, an inadvertent dropped call will not hinder the locationacquisition of the individual. In one embodiment, the frequency withwhich the mobile device transmits its location to the system 200 duringand after the emergency call may depend on the remaining battery life ofthe device. For instance, the mobile device may transmit its locationevery 30 seconds when the device's battery has more than 25% batterylife remaining, but progressively increase the transmission interval asthe battery life drains from 25% to 0%.

It is understood that the method 984 for geographically locating anindividual who dialed an emergency number on a mobile device is simplyan example embodiment, and in alternative embodiments, additional and/ordifferent steps may be included in the method. Further, steps may beexcluded or performed in a different order from the method 984 incertain embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, if the emergencycall between the individual and the emergency dispatcher isunintentionally disconnected, the app on the mobile device may presentcontrol elements labeled “I'm OK” and “Call me back” to the individual.If first responders have reached the individual and there is no need toreconnect with the dispatcher, the individual may activate the “I'm OK”element. Otherwise, the individual may activate the “Call me back”element to be reconnected with the dispatcher. In one embodiment, if theindividual has moved after first responders have been dispatched, theoperator can redirect the en route first responders to the new location,or periodically or continually provide updated geographic locationinformation.

Further, in other embodiments of method 984, users may initiate contactwith a dispatcher at a PSAP via a panic button displayed on their userdevice rather than by dialing an emergency telephone number. Forexample, in block 986, a user in danger may select a panic button in theapp executing on their user device, and then, in blocks 990 and 992, theapp queries the geographic location of the user device and transmits analert message containing the location information to a dispatcher. Insome embodiments, when the panic button is activated, the individual isgiven a choice as to whether they would like to speak with a dispatchervia a telephone connection or not. In either case, the dispatcher maythen dispatch first responders based on the received locationinformation. Further, if the user device on which the panic button wastriggered is associated with a minor, the system 200 may trigger anAmber Alert-type notification to other users of the system 200.Additionally, in some embodiments, when an individual activates dials911 or the panic button, the system 200 automatically sends a message(via SMS, email, etc.) to the emergency contacts associated with theindividual in the database 220.

Further, the method 984 may be performed by logic that may comprisehardware (e.g., dedicated logic, programmable logic, and microcode),software (such as software run on a general-purpose computer system or adedicated machine), or a combination of both. In one example embodiment,the processing logic resides at the interactive emergency informationand identification system 200, and the various elements of the system200 can perform the method 984.

FIG. 13 shows a diagrammatic representation of a computing device for amachine in the exemplary electronic form of a computer system 1000,within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to performany one or more of the methodologies discussed herein can be executed.In various exemplary embodiments, the machine operates as a standalonedevice or can be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In anetworked deployment, the machine can operate in the capacity of aserver or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or asa peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.The machine can be a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, aset-top box (STB), a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a digitalcamera, a portable music player (e.g., a portable hard drive audiodevice, such as an Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 (MP3)player), a web appliance, a network router, a switch, a bridge, or anymachine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1000 includes a processor or multipleprocessors 1002, a hard disk drive 1004, a main memory 1006 and a staticmemory 1008, which communicate with each other via a bus 1010. Thecomputer system 1000 may also include a network interface device 1012that provides wired and/or wireless access to communication networks,such as the Internet. The hard disk drive 1004 may include acomputer-readable medium 1020, which stores one or more sets ofinstructions 1022 embodying or utilized by any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1022 canalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory1006 and/or within the processors 1002 during execution thereof by thecomputer system 1000. The main memory 1006 and the processors 1002 alsoconstitute non-transitory, machine-readable media.

While the computer-readable medium 1020 is shown in an exemplaryembodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium”should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches andservers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term“computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any mediumthat is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructionsfor execution by the machine and that causes the machine to perform anyone or more of the methodologies of the present application, or that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by orassociated with such a set of instructions. The term “computer-readablemedium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to,solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media. Such media can alsoinclude, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, NAND or NOR flashmemory, digital video disks (DVDs), RAM, ROM, and the like.

The exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented in anoperating environment comprising computer-executable instructions (e.g.,software) installed on a computer, in hardware, or in a combination ofsoftware and hardware. The computer-executable instructions can bewritten in a computer programming language or can be embodied infirmware logic. If written in a programming language conforming to arecognized standard, such instructions can be executed on a variety ofhardware platforms and for interfaces to a variety of operating systems.Although not limited thereto, computer software programs forimplementing the present method can be written in any number of suitableprogramming languages such as, for example, C, C++, C# or othercompilers, assemblers, interpreters or other computer languages orplatforms.

Referring now to FIG. 14, illustrated is another example screen 1050 ofthe administrative user interface of the interactive emergencyinformation and identification system 200, according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. The system 200 is operated by the securitycompany 140 in either of the environments 100 and 102 shown in FIGS. 1and 1A. Aspects of the environments 100 and 102 are not shown in FIG. 14for the sake of efficiency. An operator 1051 associated with thesecurity company 140 or the emergency and law enforcement agencies 160may use aspects of the administrative user interface, including theexample screen 1050, to coordinate emergency response and communicationsduring an emergency situation. As explained above, the administrativeuser interface may be accessed via a web-browser or dedicatedapplication on any computing device with a network connection to thesystem 200. This can permit an administrator with access who is withinthe geo-fence, any proximity zone, or adjacent to the location of theemergency or the geo-fence, to access the system described herein. A lawenforcement or emergency user can be provided temporary administrativeaccess to the information and identification system for the duration ofthe emergency to directly locate and contact any users, e.g., such asthose in danger.

The example screen 1050 of FIG. 14 displays a map 1052 showing alandmark 1054 and individuals associated with the landmark. The landmark1054 may be any geographical area, a geological feature, a geographicalcoordinate, a parcel of property (e.g., a golf course), a building(e.g., a mall, an office building, an apartment building, etc.), acollection of buildings (e.g., a campus, a shopping center, amunicipality, buildings managed by the same property manager, etc.), aportion of a building, or any other geographical area. For instance, inone embodiment, the landmark 1054 is a university campus and theindividuals 1056, 1058, 1060, 1062, 1064, and 1066 are associated withthe campus as students, professors, staff, etc. The individuals are eachassociated with one or more user devices that are configured to detectand transmit a current geographical location to the system 200, asexplained the context of environments 100 and 102. The individuals1056-1066 are registered with the system 200 and are associated in thedatabase 220 with one or more user devices. In another example, thelandmark 1054 is a geographical area—such as a shopping center ormall—where the individuals that enter the area are random andunpredictable (i.e., are not previously registered). Such individualsmay become associated with the geographical area when they arephysically in or near the landmark. In that regard, an individual maybecome registered with the system 200 when the system detects thepresence of the individual's user device and information about theindividual is added to the database 220. In some embodiments, anindividual can opt out of being registered with the system 200 orcontrol the amount of information that collected from the user device.

During an emergency situation, it may be advantageous to alert fewerthan all of the registered individuals of the situation, for example, todecrease panic and reduce communication traffic. Specifically, thoseindividuals that are far enough away from the location of the emergencysituation may not be in any danger and, thus, do not need to receive analert (or can receive a more generic alert) on their user device. Forexample, if the landmark 1054 is a building and the registeredindividuals work in the building, it may be unnecessary to alert everyindividual of a fire alarm if some individuals, for example, arecurrently at locations remote from the building. In one embodiment, ifthe building is particularly large and nature of the emergency can becontained to a floor, only users on that floor need be notified. Themethod and system described in association with FIGS. 14-15 track thelocations of individuals associated with a landmark via a virtual beaconand dynamically determine which users to alert during an emergency at oradjacent the landmark based on their respective distances from thevirtual beacon.

In that regard, the map 1052 contains a virtual beacon 1068 that ispositioned in the landmark 1054. The virtual beacon 1068 may beassociated with the landmark regardless of whether there is currently anemergency situation at the landmark. The virtual beacon 1068 may bemanually placed on the map 1052 by the operator 1051 and/or it may beautomatically placed on the map by the system 200 based on thecharacteristics of the landmark 1054. In the illustrated embodiment, thevirtual beacon 1068 is positioned at approximately the center of thelandmark 1054. In other embodiments, where the landmark represents arelatively large geographical area, multiple virtual beacons may beassociated with a single landmark. For example, when the landmark is amunicipality (horizontally expansive) or high-rise building (verticallyexpansive), a plurality of virtual beacons may be placed at spacedlocations within the landmark to ensure adequate coverage. In such anembodiment, if an emergency is confined to a section of the landmark,only those individuals associated with a virtual beacon covering thatsection of the landmark will be alerted—thus, avoiding unnecessarypanic.

In operation, the system 200 dynamically creates and modifies anemergency notification list based on the movements of the registeredindividuals 1056-1066 with respect to the virtual beacon 1068.Individuals on the notification list are notified of emergencysituations that occur at or near the landmark 1054, or within anassociated geo-fence, and individuals not on the notification list arenot so notified so as to reduce unnecessary panic and communicationtraffic. In one embodiment, a registered individual's distance from thevirtual beacon determines whether he or she will be subscribed to theemergency notification list. For instance, individuals further than aspecific distance away from the virtual beacon will be unsubscribed(i.e., removed) from the notification list, and individuals within thespecific distance will be subscribed to the notification list. The listmay be changed dynamically over periodic intervals or upon occurrence ofa triggering event, such as an emergency occurring within a certaindistance of the virtual beacon. In the illustrated embodiment, thedistance from the virtual beacon 1068 that triggerssubscription/un-subscription is represented by the radius 1070 extendingradially outward from the virtual beacon. The subscription distance(i.e., the length of the radius) may be manually set by the operator1051 and/or it may be automatically set by the system 200 based on thecharacteristics of the landmark 1054 or other pre-determinedcharacteristics (e.g., geographic locale, day, time of day, etc.).

The outer bound of the radius 1070 around the virtual beacon forms avirtual boundary (or perimeter) 1072 that is typically set to encompassat least the entirety of the landmark (or a specific portion of thelandmark when there are multiple virtual beacons associated thelandmark), and in some embodiments to cover adjacent grounds or multipleadjacent landmarks, as well. In the illustrated embodiment, the virtualboundary 1072 is a circle, however, in other embodiments, the virtualboundary 1072 may be three dimensional. For instance, if the landmark isa multi-floor building, the radius 1070 may extend from the virtualbeacon in three dimensions and define a virtual boundary thatencompasses more that one of the floors (i.e., the floors occupied by aspecific business or other entity). One of ordinary skill in the artwould understand that, in other embodiments, the distance away from thevirtual beacon 1068 that triggers subscription/un-subscription may notbe uniform around the virtual beacon. For example, the horizontaldistance might be set larger than vertical distances so that an entirefloor of a large floor plan building would be covered, but only thatfloor and adjacent floors might be encompassed within the perimeter. Forinstance, the subscription distance may be dependent upon the perimeterof the landmark with which the virtual beacon is associated. In thismanner, the virtual boundary may be any two-dimensional orthree-dimensional polygon.

To monitor the locations of registered individuals 1056-1066 withrespect to the virtual beacon 1068, user devices associated with theindividuals periodically transmit their locations to the system 200. Insome embodiments, the system 200 sends periodic requests that the userdevices report their current location. In other embodiments, the userdevices periodically transmit their current location to the system 200whenever they are powered on. Using this location data, the system 200determines whether the user devices within the distance of the radius1070 from the virtual beacon 1068 (i.e., inside or outside of thevirtual boundary 1072). In some embodiments in which the landmark is amulti-floor building, the location information received from the userdevices may include information allowing first responders to determinean individual's vertical position in the building. For instance,received GPS information may include altitude as well as latitude andlongitude. Further, a transceiver in the user device, such as aBluetooth Low Energy transceiver, may detect a user's proximity tovarious sensors (or beacons) within a building and report such proximityinformation to the system 200. For instance, a building may includeproximity sensor on each floor, enabling a user device to report onwhich floor it is located.

The individuals associated with the user devices located within theboundary 1072 are added to a notification list (individuals 1056-1062 onmap 1052). The individuals associated with the user devices locatedoutside of the boundary 1072 are removed if currently on the list(individuals 1064 and 1066 on map 1052). As such, the notification listincludes a real-time list of individuals who need to be notified duringan emergency situation at the landmark. Further, in other embodiments,the system actively detects when a specific user device crosses theboundary 1072 and removes or adds the individual associated with theuser device to the notification list in response to the detectedcrossing.

In the event of an emergency, the system 200 transmits emergencynotifications to the user devices associated with the individuals on thenotification list. After such notifications, the system 200 may performthe emergency information dissemination steps described in associationwith FIGS. 1-10. For instance, the system 200 may define a geo-fencearound the actual location of the emergency situation and send detailedemergency information and instructions to the individuals within thegeo-fence (which may encompass less than, the same space, or more than,the entire landmark 1054).

In that regard, the map 1052 also shows a location of an emergencysituation 1076 that within the area of the landmark 1054. The system 200has defined a geo-fence 1078 around the location of the emergencysituation, as described in association with FIGS. 1-10. Using the userdevice location information received by the system 200, the systemdetermines that the individual 1058 is within the geo-fence 1078 andtakes additional measures to ensure the safety of the individual. Amethod more fully describing the virtual beacon-based notificationsystem described in association with FIG. 14 will be discussed inassociation with FIG. 15.

Referring now to FIG. 15, illustrated is a simplified flow chart of amethod 1100 for virtual beacon-based emergency notification ofindividuals, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Themethod 1100 may be implemented in the context of the system discussed inassociation with FIG. 14. The method 1100 begins at block 1102 where avirtual beacon is established (i.e., placed by an operator and/oralgorithm) in or near a landmark. Notably, the virtual beacon isestablished before an emergency situation occurs, and may also be usedto monitor individuals in non-emergency situations, e.g., to trackaccess to dangerous or confidential materials. The virtual beacon hasassociated with it a distance that triggers subscription/un-subscriptionfrom an emergency notification list. The set distance may form a virtualboundary that encompasses all or some of the landmark, or even adjacentlandmark(s) and/or property. Next, in block 1104, individuals associatedwith the landmark register with the emergency system 200. As an aspectof this, the individuals are added to a database and associated with oneor more user devices. The method 1100 continues to block 1106 where theemergency system 200 receives from the user devices location datadescribing the geographical locations of the user devices. In mostcases, the location of a user device will correspond to the location ofthe individual associated with the user device.

Then, the method continues to decision block 1108, where it isdetermined whether each of the user devices are within the subscriptiondistance from the virtual beacon (i.e., within the boundary created bythe virtual beacon). If a particular user device is not within thesubscription distance, the method proceeds to block 1110 where theindividual associated with the particular user device is removed from alist of registered users that will be notified in the event of anemergency at the landmark. If, however, the particular user device iswithin the distance, the method proceeds to block 1112 where theindividual associated with the particular user device is added to thenotification list and will be notified in the event of an emergency atthe landmark. Next, at decision block 1114, it is determined whether anemergency notification associated with the landmark has been received.If no such notification has been received, the method 1100 returns toblock 1106, where the emergency system continues to receive thegeographical locations of the user devices associated with theindividuals. If, however, an emergency notification has been received,the method 1100 proceeds to block 1116 where the emergency systemtransmits information about the emergency situation to the user devicesassociated with the individuals on the emergency notification list.

In some embodiments, the emergency notification may originate from oneor more sensors positioned in areas of interest. For example, a seismicsensor placed near a fault line may detect seismic activity or tsunamisensor positioned off-shore may detect when water levels are lower orhigher than a predetermined threshold for a specific amount of time, orboth. In some embodiments, when such a sensor detects unusual activityit transmits a notification to the system 200, which processes theinformation and transmits emergency notifications to user devices thatare on emergency notification lists associated with virtual beaconswithin a specific range of the sensor. In one embodiment, a sensoritself may act as a virtual beacon and user devices are subscribed tothe notification list if they come within a specified distance from thesensor. In another embodiment, the sensors themselves may transmit pushemergency notifications to nearby user devices that are in proximity. Insuch an embodiment, the geographic range of the user devices alerted maydepend on the type and severity of the activity detected by the sensor.

Finally, the method 1100 optionally proceeds to block 1118 where themethod continues to block 320 of the method 300 illustrated in FIG. 3.In that regard, the system 200 may perform any or all remainingemergency information dissemination steps described in association withthe method 300. For instance, the system 200 may define a geo-fencearound the location of the emergency situation itself and send detailedemergency information and instructions to the individuals within thegeo-fence (which may encompass less than the entire landmark). In thatregard, only a subset of the individuals on the notification list mayreceive further information/instructions about the emergency situation,or individuals may be notified by geographic location, e.g., differentmessages for those in the geo-fence, adjacent the geo-fence, and awayfrom the geo-fence.

One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the method 1100of virtual beacon-based emergency notification of individuals is simplyan example embodiment, and in alternative embodiments, additional and/ordifferent steps may be included in the method. Further, steps may beexcluded or performed in a different order from the method 1100 incertain embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the establishing ofa virtual beacon in block 1102 may be performed after the individualshave registered with the emergency system in block 1104. Further, insome embodiments, the emergency system may continually receive thegeographical locations of the user devices throughout the method 1100and not just during block 1106. For instance, the user devices mayperiodically transmit their current location to the system 200 wheneverthey are powered on.

The method 1100 may be performed by logic that may comprise hardware(e.g., dedicated logic, programmable logic, and microcode), software(such as software run on a general-purpose computer system or adedicated machine), or a combination of both (e.g., computer system 1000of FIG. 1). In one example embodiment, the processing logic resides atthe interactive emergency information and identification system 200, andthe various elements of the system 200 can perform the method 1100.

Thus, various interactive emergency information and identificationsystems and methods have been described. Although embodiments have beendescribed with reference to specific example embodiments, it will beevident that various modifications and changes may be made to theseembodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of thesystem and method described herein. Further, elements of differentembodiments in the present disclosure may be combined in variousdifferent manners to disclose additional embodiments still within thescope of the present embodiment. For instance, elements fromenvironments 100, 102 and 980 may be combined, exchanged, or otherwisealtered to form additional embodiments. Accordingly, the specificationand drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than arestrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for interactiveemergency information and identification, which method comprises:receiving an emergency notification from a first application executingon a first responder user device, the emergency notification includinginformation describing a geographical location of an emergencysituation; receiving location information representing locations of aplurality of civilian user devices, each civilian user device beingassociated with a civilian; determining, based on the locationinformation, which of the civilian user devices are located within abounded geographical area encompassing the geographical location of theemergency situation; transmitting the information describing thegeographical location of the emergency situation to a second applicationexecuting on the civilian user devices located within the boundedgeographical area, wherein the information describing the geographicallocation of the emergency situation is displayed by the secondapplication; transmitting information about each of the civilian userdevices located within the bounded geographical area to the firstapplication executing on the first responder user device, theinformation about each of the civilian user devices including a currentsafety status of at least one civilian, wherein the information abouteach of the civilian user devices is displayed by the first application;generating a graphical map showing the locations of the plurality ofcivilian user devices respective to the location of the emergencysituation; and displaying, on a single screen of the first application,the graphical map and the information about each of the civilian userdevices.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the current safety status ofthe at least one civilian includes a plurality of current safetystatuses for respective civilians associated with the civilian userdevices located within the bounded geographical area; and wherein theplurality of current safety statuses is displayed in a graphical list bythe first application.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluralityof current safety statuses in the graphical list are graphicallydifferentiated based on the respective current safety statuses.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein transmitting information about each of thecivilian user devices includes transmitting the location informationrepresenting the locations of the plurality of civilian user deviceslocated within the bounded geographical area.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the location information representing the locations of theplurality of civilian user devices located within the boundedgeographical area is displayed within the graphical map by the firstapplication executing on the first responder user device.
 6. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: receiving, from at least one of theplurality of civilian user devices within the bounded geographical area,information describing the emergency situation; and transmitting theinformation describing the emergency situation to the first applicationexecuting on the first responder user device.
 7. A system, comprising:an interactive emergency information and identification systemconfigured to: receive, by a processor, information about an emergencysituation; receive location information representing locations of aplurality of civilian user devices, each civilian user device beingassociated with a civilian; determine, based on the locationinformation, which of the civilian user devices are located within abounded geographical area encompassing a geographical location of theemergency situation; transmit a first subset of the information aboutthe emergency situation to the civilian user devices located within thebounded geographical area; and transmit a second subset of theinformation about the emergency situation to a first responder userdevice associated with a first responder, the second subset of theinformation about the emergency situation including a current safetystatus of at least one civilian; a first application executing on thecivilian user devices, the first application configured to: receive thefirst subset of the information about the emergency situation; anddisplay to the civilian user the first subset of the information aboutthe emergency situation; and a second application executing on the firstresponder user device, the second application configured to: receive thesecond subset of the information about the emergency situation; anddisplay to the first responder the second subset of the informationabout the emergency situation and a graphical map showing the locationsof the plurality of civilian user devices respective to the location ofthe emergency situation.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the secondapplication executing on the first responder user device is furtherconfigured to receive login credentials via a user interface on thefirst responder user device.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein theamount of information in the second subset of the information about theemergency situation is based on the login credentials.
 10. The system ofclaim 8, wherein the login credentials identify the first responderassociated with the first responder device.
 11. The system of claim 7,wherein the second application is further configured to transmit anemergency notification to the interactive emergency information andidentification system, the emergency notification including thegeographical location of the emergency situation.
 12. The system ofclaim 11, wherein the interactive emergency information andidentification system is further configured to receive the emergencynotification and transmit the information describing the geographicallocation of the emergency situation to the civilian user devices locatedwithin the bounded geographical area.
 13. The system of claim 7, whereinthe first application executing on the civilian user devices is furtherconfigured to prompt the civilian associated with the respectivecivilian user device to input a current safety status.
 14. The system ofclaim 13, wherein the second subset of the information about theemergency situation includes a plurality of current safety statuses forrespective civilians associated with the civilian user devices locatedwithin the bounded geographical area.
 15. The system of claim 14,wherein the second application executing on the first responder userdevice is further configured to display the plurality of current safetystatuses in a graphical list that visually differentiates the pluralityof current safety statuses based on the respective current safetystatus.
 16. A computer-implemented method for interactive emergencyinformation and identification, which method comprises: receiving, by aprocessor, information about an emergency situation; transmitting afirst subset of the information about the emergency situation to a firstapplication executing on a first responder user device associated with afirst responder of a first type; transmitting a second subset of theinformation about the emergency situation to a second applicationexecuting on a second first responder user device associated with afirst responder of a second type different than the first type, whereinthe second subset of the information about the emergency situation isdifferent than the first subset of the information about the emergencysituation, wherein the second subset of the information about theemergency situation includes a location of at least one civilian userdevice and a current safety status of at least one civilian; anddisplaying, on a single screen of the second application, a graphicalmap showing the location of the at least one civilian user device andthe current safety status of the at least one civilian.
 17. The methodof claim 16, wherein the first responder of the first type is associatedwith a law enforcement agency, and wherein the first responder of thesecond type is associated with civilian building management.
 18. Themethod of claim 17, wherein the first subset of the information aboutthe emergency situation includes more detail about the emergencysituation than the second subset of the information about the emergencysituation.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first responder ofthe first type and the first responder of the second type aredifferentiated based on login credentials input into the respectivefirst and second applications.
 20. A computer-implemented interactiveemergency information and identification method, the method comprising:receiving, with an interactive emergency information and identificationsystem, emergency location information describing a geographicallocation of an emergency; receiving, with the interactive emergencyinformation and identification system, first device location informationfrom a user device associated with an individual; determining, with theinteractive emergency information and identification system, whether theuser device is located within a geo-fence based on the first devicelocation information, the geo-fence encompassing a geographical areaincluding the geographical location of the emergency; if the user deviceis determined to be in the geo-fence, transmitting, with the interactiveemergency information and identification system, a request for seconddevice location information to the user device, the second devicelocation information being different than the first device locationinformation and representing at least one beacon disposed within amulti-floor structure at least partially within the geo-fence;receiving, with the interactive emergency information and identificationsystem, the second device location information; determining, with theinteractive emergency information and identification system and based onthe received second device location information, on which floor of themulti-floor structure the user device is located; and displaying, on adisplay device, a graphical map showing a location of the user devicewithin the multi-floor structure based on the received second devicelocation information.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the seconddevice location information is based on a transceiver in the user devicedetecting that the user device is proximate to the at least one beacon.22. The method of claim 21, wherein the transceiver is a Bluetooth LowEnergy (BLE) transceiver.
 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the firstdevice location information is based on GPS signals received by the userdevice.